Avinu Malkeinu are Hebrew words meaning "Our Father, Our King". This Sacred song is a Jewish prayer recited during Jewish services on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, as well as on the Ten Days of Repentance from Rosh Hashanah through Yom Kippur. In the Ashkenazic tradition, it is recited on all fast days. In the Sephardic tradition it is recited for the Ten Days of Repentance. Chief Rabbi of Britain, Joseph Hertz, described “Avinu Malkeinu” as "the oldest and most moving of all the litanies of the Jewish Year." It makes use of two sobriquets for God in the Holy Bible: the prayer "Our Father" (Isaiah 63:16) and "Our King" (Isaiah 33:22). Each line of the prayer begins with the words "Avinu Malkeinu" ("Our Father, Our King") and is then followed by phrases, mostly supplicatory. There is often a slow, chanting, repetitive aspect to the melody to represent the pious pleading within the prayer. On most days when Avinu Malkeinu is recited, it is included during Shacharit and Mincha on that day. It is omitted on Shabbat and at Mincha on Fridays. On Yom Kippur, Avinu Malkeinu is also recited during Maariv and Ne'ila, except when Yom Kippur falls on Shabbat in the Ashkenazi tradition. During the Avinu Malkenu, the Ark is opened, and at the end of the prayer, the Ark is closed. Throughout the Ten Days of Repentance, five lines of Avinu Malkeinu that refer to various heavenly books include the word Kotveinu ("Inscribe us"). This reflects the belief that on Rosh Hashanah all is written and revealed and on Yom Kippur all decrees for the coming year are sealed. In the interests of gender neutrality, the UK Liberal Jewish prayer-book translates the epithet as "Our Creator, Our Sovereign". The Reform Jewish High Holy Days prayer book includes a version of Avinu Malkeinu that refers to God as both "Loving Father" and "Compassionate Mother."